Àwọn

Q: Njẹ p < 0.05 ni gbogbo igba ni o ṣe pataki?

0.05 is only a common convention, not a law. It means a 5% chance of a false positive. Depending on the field and the cost of being wrong, stricter thresholds like 0.01 are often more appropriate.

Q: Bawo ni mo ṣe lè yipada àwọn ìtàn z sí àwọn ìtàn p?

Look up the tail area of the standard-normal distribution beyond your z-score. This tool does it for you: the left tail is P(Z ≤ z), the right tail is 1 − P(Z ≤ z), and the two-tailed p-value doubles the smaller of the two.

Q: Ńlá àwọn àwọn fálù p̀òrójú tí wọ́n fi ṣẹ́nú pé àwọn ààtòjú àìdájú náà jẹ́ òótọ́?

Kò. Àwọn fálù p-ìgbà nla nínú àwọn àtòjọ-ìdáràn rẹ̀ ní ìpèwọ̀n nínú àwọn ààyè àìdáràn àìdáràn, kò nínú àìdáràn náà nínú. Àwọn ààyè àìdáràn tí a kò fi pamọ́ lójútó àwọn ààyè àìdáràn náà kò jẹ́ àwọn ààyè àìdáràn náà; o lè mà ní ìwọ̀n àwọn ààyè àwọn ààyè láti gbọ́ àwọn ààyè.

Q: Nígbà ní mò óò lò àwọn fálù p-ìdáràn z-ìdáràn láti fi pamọ́ sí àwọn fálù t-ìdáràn?

Ló àwọn fálù z-básíkè látigbà tí a mọ́ ìṣàfarawé ìpèlù àwọn eeyan àti àwọn ààyè-iṣẹ́ nlà (nípa n ≥ 30). Fún àwọn ààyè-iṣẹ́ kéré àti ìṣàfarawé ìṣàfarawé ìpèlù, t-àjọṣè láti fi àwọn fálù p-ìdáràn tòjú jú lọ.

Q: Kini ìyatọ̀ laarin àwọn fálù p atí ìpele ìtumọ̀?

The significance level α is a threshold you set in advance, such as 0.05. The p-value is computed from your data. You reject the null hypothesis when the p-value falls below α.

Ṣàfikún àwọn ìtàn z sí àwọn fálù p tí a tí ìtànì kan tàbí meji.

Àwọn —

At α = 0.05 —

P(Z ≤ z) —

P (Z ≥ z) —

Àwọn àgbègbè —

Àwọn Àtòjọ-ẹ̀yàn àwọn ìṣàmúlò-ètò

Ńlà àwọn àwọn ààtò àtòjọ-ẹ̀yàn yìí?

Àkóónú ìṣàmúlò-ètò yìí

This p-value calculator converts a z-score (the standard-normal test statistic) into a p-value — the probability of observing a result at least as extreme as yours if the null hypothesis is true. A small p-value means your data would be surprising under the null hypothesis, which counts as evidence against it.

Choose a left-tailed, right-tailed or two-tailed test; all three p-values are shown so you can compare. The left-tailed value is P(Z ≤ z), the right-tailed value is P(Z ≥ z), and the two-tailed value is 2 × P(Z ≥ |z|) — double the smaller tail. All come from the standard-normal cumulative distribution, so this tool applies to z-tests and large-sample approximations, and the result is flagged against the conventional α = 0.05 threshold.

Worked example: a z-score of 1.96 gives a right-tailed p-value of about 0.025 and a two-tailed p-value of about 0.050 — exactly the classic 5% cutoff, which is why 1.96 is the critical value for a 95% two-sided test. Since 0.05 is not below 0.05, that result sits right on the border of significance.

Àwọn Àtòjọ-ẹ̀yàn

Kini àwọn fálù p?

The p-value is the probability, assuming the null hypothesis is true, of getting a test statistic at least as extreme as the one observed. A small p-value means your data would be unlikely under the null hypothesis, which is evidence against it.

Bawo ní àwọn fálù p-value tí a tí ìṣàfarawé nínú àwọn àwọn ààyè-iṣẹ́ tí a tí ìṣàfáwé nínú?

Àwọn ààyè àwọn ààyè àwọn ààyè àwọn ààyè àwọn ààyè àwọn ààyè àwọn ààyè àwọn ààyè àwọn ààyè àwọn ààyè àwọn ààyè àwọn ààyè àwọn ààyè àwọn ààyè àwọn ààyè àwọn ààyè àwọn ààyè àwọn ààyè àwọn ààyè àwọn ààyè àwọn ààyè àwọn ààyè àwọn ààyè àwọn ààyè àwọn ààyè àwọn ààyè àwọn ààyè àwọn ààyè àwọn ààyè àwọn ààyè àwọn ààyè àwọn ààyè àwọn ààyè àwọn ààyè àwọn ààyè àwọn ààyè àwọn ààyè àwọn ààyè àwọn ààyè

Njẹ p < 0.05 ni gbogbo igba ni o ṣe pataki?

0.05 is only a common convention, not a law. It means a 5% chance of a false positive. Depending on the field and the cost of being wrong, stricter thresholds like 0.01 are often more appropriate.

Bawo ni mo ṣe lè yipada àwọn ìtàn z sí àwọn ìtàn p?

Look up the tail area of the standard-normal distribution beyond your z-score. This tool does it for you: the left tail is P(Z ≤ z), the right tail is 1 − P(Z ≤ z), and the two-tailed p-value doubles the smaller of the two.

Ńlá àwọn àwọn fálù p̀òrójú tí wọ́n fi ṣẹ́nú pé àwọn ààtòjú àìdájú náà jẹ́ òótọ́?

Kò. Àwọn fálù p-ìgbà nla nínú àwọn àtòjọ-ìdáràn rẹ̀ ní ìpèwọ̀n nínú àwọn ààyè àìdáràn àìdáràn, kò nínú àìdáràn náà nínú. Àwọn ààyè àìdáràn tí a kò fi pamọ́ lójútó àwọn ààyè àìdáràn náà kò jẹ́ àwọn ààyè àìdáràn náà; o lè mà ní ìwọ̀n àwọn ààyè àwọn ààyè láti gbọ́ àwọn ààyè.

Nígbà ní mò óò lò àwọn fálù p-ìdáràn z-ìdáràn láti fi pamọ́ sí àwọn fálù t-ìdáràn?

Ló àwọn fálù z-básíkè látigbà tí a mọ́ ìṣàfarawé ìpèlù àwọn eeyan àti àwọn ààyè-iṣẹ́ nlà (nípa n ≥ 30). Fún àwọn ààyè-iṣẹ́ kéré àti ìṣàfarawé ìṣàfarawé ìpèlù, t-àjọṣè láti fi àwọn fálù p-ìdáràn tòjú jú lọ.

Kini ìyatọ̀ laarin àwọn fálù p atí ìpele ìtumọ̀?

The significance level α is a threshold you set in advance, such as 0.05. The p-value is computed from your data. You reject the null hypothesis when the p-value falls below α.

API — ló àwọn ìṣàmúlò-ètò yìí láti inú ìṣàmúlò-ètò

Fi àwọn ìṣàmúlò-ètò yìí kọ̀ǹpútà yìí láti jẹ́ ààyè-iṣẹ́ JSON tí a tí fi pamọ́ - kò ní bọ́tìnì kan tí a fẹ́. Fi àwọn fálù ààyè-iṣẹ́ sílẹ̀ sí bí àwọn àwọn ìṣàmúlò-ètò àti JSON. Anything you omit uses the same default this page is pre-filled with; an unknown parameter is a 400, never a silent zero. Ka àwọn àkọlé API kíkún →

Àwọn Ààyè Ìjánu-ìṣàmúlò-ètò

GET https://calculator.free/api/v1/p-value/

curl

curl "https://calculator.free/api/v1/p-value/?z=1.96&tail=two"

JavaScript `fetch()`

const r = await fetch(
  "https://calculator.free/api/v1/p-value/?" + new URLSearchParams({
    "z": "1.96",
    "tail": "two"
  }));
const data = await r.json();
console.log(data.results);

Results are estimates for general guidance only, not financial, medical or tax advice.

Àkóónú ìṣàmúlò-ètò yìí

Àwọn Àtòjọ-ẹ̀yàn

Àwọn Ìṣàmúlò-ètò Ìṣàmúlò-ètò

Àwọn Ààyè Ìjánu-ìṣàmúlò-ètò

curl

JavaScript fetch()

JavaScript `fetch()`