I-Voltage Drop Calculator
Linganisa i-voltage elahlekile esigabeni socingo oluhambayo kusuka kude, namuhla kanye nobukhulu bomuntu ohambayo.
Iziphetho zivuselelwa uma ubhala.
Malunga nale khadi
Every conductor has some resistance, so a little voltage is always lost pushing current along a cable — that loss is the voltage drop. For a single-phase run the drop is Vdrop = 2 × ρ × L × I / A, where the factor 2 accounts for the current travelling out to the load and back along the return conductor; a three-phase run uses √3 instead of 2. Here ρ is the resistivity of the metal (copper ≈ 0.0175 Ω·mm²/m, aluminium ≈ 0.0282 Ω·mm²/m), L is the one-way length in metres, I the load current in amps and A the conductor cross-section in mm². This calculator also reports the resulting percentage drop, the voltage actually delivered at the load and the power wasted as heat in the cable (Ploss = Vdrop × I).
As a worked example, take 20 A flowing 50 m one-way through a 10 mm² copper cable on a 230 V single-phase supply: Vdrop = 2 × 0.0175 × 50 × 20 / 10 = 3.5 V, about 1.5%, so the load sees roughly 226.5 V and the cable wastes 3.5 × 20 = 70 W. Switch the conductor to aluminium and the same run drops about 5.6 V, because aluminium’s resistivity is around 60% higher. You can either type a custom cross-section or pick a standard AWG gauge from the advanced list, which overrides the area field with the gauge’s real mm² value.
Voltage drop matters because motors, lights and electronics misbehave when they are starved of voltage — dim lamps, sluggish motors and nuisance tripping all trace back to oversized drops on long runs. Electricians size cables so total drop stays within about 3% for branch circuits and 5% end-to-end; the result here flags whether your run meets the limit you set, and the fix for a failing run is a larger conductor, a shorter route or, occasionally, a higher supply voltage.
Imibuzo ebuzwa kaningi
Uhlu lwezibalo
Uhlelo olulodwa, Vdrop = 2 × ρ × L × I / A. Umphumela 2 uchaza ukushayela kwamanje ngaphandle nokubuyela emuva; uhlelo oluthathu lusebenzisa √3 endaweni ye-2.
Yini ukuwa kwe-voltage okuvunyelwe?
Umthetho ojwayelekile we-thumb ugcina ukuboshwa okuphelele ngezansi kuka-3% kuma-circuits engxenyeni kanye no-5% ngokugcwele. Abaqhubi abakhulu (indawo enkulu) bakhuphula ukuboshwa.
I-copper noma i-aluminium — ingabe kubaluleke?
Yebo. I-aluminium ine-60% ephakeme kakhulu yokumelana ne-copper, ngakho-ke i-aluminium ehambayo elinganayo ikhuphuka ngokuhambisana ne-voltage.
Kungani ifomu lisebenzisa ubude obuphindwe kabili?
Ngokuba ikhona ukudlula ngaphandle ku-ubunzima futhi emuva, ngakho umjikelezo isigaba esisodwa ibona ukuwa kwezingu-2 conductors - ngakho isizathu 2 × ubude. Three-phase umjikelezo sebenzisa √3 (nge 1.732) endaweni, ebonisa i-geometry of balanced three-phase amandla.
Ngingayinciphisa kanjani i-voltage ephansi kakhulu?
Sebenzisa umqondisi omkhulu (ukuphindeka kwengxenye engqubuzanayo kwenza kube ngaphezu kwengxenye yokushaya), cindezela ukushaya, hlukanisa ubunzima phakathi kwamakhebula afana, noma ukhuphule ukukhiqizwa kwe-voltage. I-copper enkulu iyinto ejwayelekile ngoba ukushaya kuhlobene ngokushintshana nendawo.
Ingabe amandla alahlekelwa yinani elikhulu esigabeni?
Umandla olahlekile yisikhathi sokwehla isikhathi samanje, Ploss = Vdrop × I. A 3.5 V ukuwa ku-20 A ukungcola 70 W njengengcindezi ku-wire - amandla okhokha kodwa awusebenzisi, ngakho-ke uhambo olude oluphezulu lwamanje luqinisekisa ubukhulu, ikhebula eliphansi-lokulimala.
Ingabe ngisebenzisa ama-AWG gauges endaweni yendawo ye-mm²?
Yes. Pick a gauge in the advanced AWG list and it overrides the area field with that gauge’s cross-section in mm² (e.g. 10 AWG ≈ 5.26 mm²), so you can work in the gauge system North American installers use.
API — sebenzisa le calculator kusuka kukhodi
Nquma le calculator njenge JSON evulekile yendawo yokuqeda - akukho isithonjana esidingekayo. Thumela amaxabiso endawo ngezansi njengezilungiselelo zombuzo noma i-JSON. Noma yini ongayishiya isebenzisa iphutha elifanayo elifakwe ngaphambili lekhasi; ipharamitha engaziwa yi-400, ayikho i-zero emnyama. Funda i-API egcwele →
Ingxenye yendawo
GET https://calculator.free/api/v1/voltage-drop/curl
curl "https://calculator.free/api/v1/voltage-drop/?material=copper&length=50¤t=20&area=10&source=230"JavaScript fetch()
const r = await fetch(
"https://calculator.free/api/v1/voltage-drop/?" + new URLSearchParams({
"material": "copper",
"length": "50",
"current": "20",
"area": "10",
"source": "230"
}));
const data = await r.json();
console.log(data.results);Izibalo ziyisilinganiso esisetshenziswa ukuqondisa kuphela, hhayi ukucebisa ngezimali, ukwelashwa noma ukukhokha.