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Scientific notation writes a number as a coefficient between 1 and 10 multiplied by a power of ten, and this scientific notation converter turns any value into that form along with E-notation, engineering notation, its order of magnitude, and the plain standard-form number. It also reads scientific input, so you can convert in either direction.

To build the coefficient, the decimal point is moved so a single non-zero digit sits in front of it; the number of places moved becomes the exponent. So 12,345 has its point shifted four places to give 1.2345 × 10⁴, and small numbers use a negative exponent — 0.00045 becomes 4.5 × 10⁻⁴. Engineering notation keeps the exponent to a multiple of three (matching kilo, mega and so on), rewriting 12,345 as 12.345 × 10³, and the order of magnitude is just that power of ten, 4 here.

Scientific notation is how very large and very small quantities are handled in physics, astronomy, chemistry and computing without writing long strings of zeros. Entering a value in E-notation such as 1.2e5 converts it straight back to the standard number 120000.